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انسان داراي قابليت تطابق با محيط خود را داشته و توانائي ايتكار و سازندگي را نيز دارد مثلا وقتي هوا سرد است. لباس بيشتري مي پوشد و منبع حرارتي ديگري را پيدا مي كند .
انسان نخستين آتش را كشف كرد و از آن براي گرم نگهداشتن خود استفاده كرد . انسان هاي باستاني چندين سيست حرارتي را به وجود آوردند كه ممكن است بعضي از آنها هنوز هم مورد استفاده قرار گيرند . روميان قديم يك سيستم حرارتي تشعشعي از كف ساختمان را كه با جريان اب گرم كار مي كرد ابداع كردند كه هنوز هم در بعضي .از جاها از اين روش استفاده مي شود .
چيني هاي قديم از گاز طبيعي براي توليد گرما و مصارف ديگر استفاده مي كردند و نوشته اند كه وقتي آنها گاز را در حال بيرون آمدن از زمين مي يافتند ، بلافاصله در آن محل آتشكده اي بنا مي نهادند . با گذشت ساليان زياد روش هاي استفاده از آتش نيز تكميل تر شد تا امروز ه عموما از آن براي زندگي و آسايش .در آب و هواي سرد استفاده مي شود .
مساله نگهداشتن انسان در گرماي تابستان و يا در مناطق گرمسير ، شكل كاملا متفاوتي بود . در بعضي از مناطق گرمسير ، نپوشيدن لباس بيشتر يك مسئله عمومي است ولي اين كار در كشورهاي متمدن با محدوديت هايي مواجه مي باشد . قرنها است كه كه اعراب جهت كاهش اثر حرارت خورشيد بدنهاي خود را با لباس هاي گشاد و بلند و سفيد مي پوشاندند ، مصريها اطراف منزل خود را در هنگام عصر آب پاشي مي كردند تا هواي خشك شب اين رطوبت را تبخير نموده و محيط خانه را خنك نمايد . روميان قديم از كوه هاي دوردست ، يخ و برف مي آوردند و از آن براي شستشو و خنك نگه داشتن مواد غذائي استفاده مي نمودند . بشر همچنين كشف كرد كه جابجائي هوا داراي اثر خنك كنندگي موثر مي باشد . كم كم بادبزنهاي بزرگ دستي نيز به زودي در هندوستان ، عربستان آفريقا .و ساير مناطق گرمسير ، متداول در تاريخ زندگي بشر وارد شد .
استفاده از آتش و بخاري هاي اوليه ، روش هاي مطلوبي براي ايجاد گرما و تامين آسايش نبودند ولي در عين حال .مقدمه اي بر تاسيس سيستم هاي حرارتي و تهويه مطبوع بودند كه امروز از آنها استفاده مي شود.
در يك سيستم كامل تهويه ، جريان هواي داخل ساختمان كه شامل هواي داخلي و هواي تازه مي باشد ، مي بايستي دائما تصفيه شده و به اين ترتيب گرد و غبار گرفته شود تا هواي تازه و تميز با يك درجه حرارت يكنواخت و .رطوبت معين از صافي گذشته و با آرامي در تمام قسمت هاي ساختمان جريان يابد.
انواع سیستم حرارت مرکزی از نظر توزیع گرما:
به طور كلي دو نوع سيستم حرارت مركزي براي واحدهاي مسكوني وجود دارد .
الف) سيستم هاي حرارت مركزي با آب گرم : در اين سيستم ها يك دستگاه توزيع حرارت در هر اطاق نصب و حرارت مورد نياز انها به وسيله يك دستگاه توليد كننده حرارت در موتورخانه تهيه و به اتاقها و قسمت هاي .ساختمان فرستاده مي شود. كه در آن وسيله گرم كردن اتاقها عمدتا رادياتور می باشد.
حرارت به طريق تشعشع و از سطح رادياتورها در ديوارها و كف و سقف و ساير وسايل داخل اتاق جذب مي گردد ، همچنين هواي اتاق در اثر تماس با سطوح گرم رادياتورها گرم شده و استفاده از خاصيت سيال ها ( هواي گرم در بالا و هواي سرد در پائين ) يك جريان طبيعي و جابجايي در هواي اتاق به وجود مي آيد . بايد توجه داشت .كه اين سيستم فقط هواي داخلي را گرم و جابه جا نموده و هواي تازه اي در اختيار ساكنين نمي گذارد . مدل هاي تكميلي توزيع كننده هاي تشعشعي انواع كنوكتورها هستند كه اصول كار آنها مثل رادياتورها بوده و به وسيله جريان آب گرم توليد حرارت مي كنند.
ب) سيستم حرارتي مركزي با هوای گرم: قلب يك سيستم مكانيكي تهويه هوا عبارت است از كوره هواي گرم معمولا در فسمت مركزي ساختمان قرار مي گيرد . اين كوره شامل يك دستگاه توليد حرارت مي باشد كه براي گرم كردن هوائي كه مي بايستي در اتاق در جريان باشد به كا برده مي شود . گرمايش به وسيله مقاومت ( كويل ) الكتريكي نيز در رديف حرارت مركزي نوع مستقيم مي باشد با اين نفاوت كه در اين سيستم ديگر نيازي به كوره فولادي نيست زيرا دودي حاصل نمي شود كه با هواي گرم مخلوط شده و به اتاق فرستاده شود . بلكه در اين سيستم هوا مستقيما از روي سيم مارپيچي الكتريكي داغ عبور و گرم مي شود.
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